L1 Classes Reference / L1 类参考¶
All 28 classes defined in L1 Core v2.0, organized by their 4 semantic domains. Each class includes bilingual definitions, hierarchy position, and lifecycle metadata.
L1 Core v2.0 中定义的全部 28 个类，按 4 个语义域组织。每个类包含中英文定义、层次位置和生命周期元数据。
Full Inheritance Tree / 完整继承树¶
graph TD
Entity["Entity 实体 ★"]
Party["Party 主体"]
Person["Person 人员"]
Organization["Organization 组织"]
OrgUnit["OrgUnit 组织单元"]
Resource["Resource 资源 ★"]
ProductService["ProductService 产品与服务"]
Asset["Asset 资产"]
DataObject["DataObject 数据对象"]
Document["Document 文档与记录"]
SystemApplication["SystemApplication 系统应用"]
Governance["Governance 治理 ★"]
Policy["Policy 政策"]
Rule["Rule 规则"]
Control["Control 控制"]
Risk["Risk 风险"]
Operational["Operational 运营 ★"]
Role["Role 角色"]
Capability["Capability 能力"]
Process["Process 流程"]
Event["Event 事件"]
Measurement["Measurement 度量 ★"]
Goal["Goal 目标"]
KPI["KPI 关键指标"]
Entity --> Party --> Person
Party --> Organization --> OrgUnit
Entity --> Resource
Resource --> ProductService
Resource --> Asset
Resource --> DataObject --> Document
Resource --> SystemApplication
Governance --> Policy
Governance --> Rule
Governance --> Control
Governance --> Risk
Operational --> Role
Operational --> Capability
Operational --> Process
Operational --> Event
Measurement --> Goal
Measurement --> KPI
style Entity fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1565c0
style Resource fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1565c0
style Governance fill:#ffebee,stroke:#c62828
style Operational fill:#fff3e0,stroke:#e65100
style Measurement fill:#f3e5f5,stroke:#6a1b9a★ = Abstract class (cannot be instantiated) / 抽象类（不可实例化）
Entity Domain / 实体域¶
Entity (Abstract) / 实体¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Entity |
| ZH | 实体 |
| EN | Entity |
| Parent | — (root) |
| Abstract | Yes |
| Since | v2.0.0 |
EN: Top-level abstraction for all identifiable and manageable things. This is an abstract domain root — you cannot create instances of Entity directly; use its concrete subclasses instead.
ZH: 所有可被识别和管理的事物的顶层抽象。这是一个抽象域根 — 不能直接创建 Entity 的实例；请使用其具体子类。
Party / 主体¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Party |
| ZH | 主体 |
| EN | Party |
| Parent | Entity |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: The superclass of all entities that can participate in business and governance relationships. A Party can be a Person (individual) or an Organization (legal entity). Use Party when the participant type is unknown or could be either.
ZH: 可参与业务关系与治理关系的主体总类。Party 可以是 Person（个人）或 Organization（法人实体）。当参与者类型未知或可能是两者之一时，使用 Party。
Person / 人员¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Person |
| ZH | 人员 |
| EN | Person |
| Parent | Party |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: A natural person entity — an individual human being. Disjoint with Organization (a Person cannot also be an Organization).
ZH: 自然人主体 — 一个具体的人。与 Organization 互斥（一个 Person 不能同时是 Organization）。
Organization / 组织¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Organization |
| ZH | 组织 |
| EN | Organization |
| Parent | Party |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: A legal or non-legal organization entity — companies, NGOs, government agencies, consortiums, etc. Disjoint with Person.
ZH: 法人或非法人组织 — 公司、NGO、政府机构、联盟等。与 Person 互斥。
OrgUnit / 组织单元¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | OrgUnit |
| ZH | 组织单元 |
| EN | Organizational Unit |
| Parent | Organization |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Internal organizational units such as departments, teams, committees, and program groups. An OrgUnit IS-A Organization (it inherits all Organization capabilities), but represents a sub-division rather than a standalone legal entity.
ZH: 部门、团队、委员会、项目群等组织内部单元。OrgUnit IS-A Organization（继承所有 Organization 能力），但代表的是子部门而非独立法人。
Resource (Abstract) / 资源¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Resource |
| ZH | 资源 |
| EN | Resource |
| Parent | Entity |
| Abstract | Yes |
| Since | v2.0.0 |
EN: Tangible or intangible resources created, modified, managed, or consumed by business processes. This is an abstract grouping — use its concrete subclasses (ProductService, Asset, DataObject, SystemApplication) instead. Replaced the v1.0 concept BusinessObject.
ZH: 被业务过程创建、变更、管理、消费的有形或无形资源。这是一个抽象分组 — 请使用其具体子类（ProductService、Asset、DataObject、SystemApplication）。替换了 v1.0 的 BusinessObject 概念。
ProductService / 产品与服务¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | ProductService |
| ZH | 产品与服务 |
| EN | Product & Service |
| Parent | Resource |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Products and services provided externally to customers or used internally by an enterprise. Covers both tangible goods and intangible service offerings.
ZH: 企业对外提供或内部使用的产品和服务对象。涵盖有形商品和无形服务。
Asset / 资产¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Asset |
| ZH | 资产 |
| EN | Asset |
| Parent | Resource |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Financial, physical, knowledge, data, brand, and other assets. Assets are owned valuable things, as opposed to generic resources that are merely consumed or produced.
ZH: 财务、实物、知识、数据、品牌等资产。资产是有所属权的有价值事物，区别于仅被消费或产出的一般资源。
DataObject / 数据对象¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | DataObject |
| ZH | 数据对象 |
| EN | Data Object |
| Parent | Resource |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: A structured or unstructured data entity. This is the broad category for all data — its child class Document covers specific business documents like contracts and reports.
ZH: 结构化或非结构化的数据实体。这是所有数据的宽泛类别 — 其子类 Document 涵盖合同、报告等具体业务文档。
Document / 文档与记录¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Document |
| ZH | 文档与记录 |
| EN | Document |
| Parent | DataObject |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v2.0.0 |
| Replaced | DocumentRecord (v1.0) |
EN: Contracts, reports, files, documents, and records. A specialized subtype of DataObject for business documents with lifecycle management needs.
ZH: 合同、报告、文件、单据、记录。DataObject 下的特化子类，用于有生命周期管理需求的业务文档。
SystemApplication / 系统应用¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | SystemApplication |
| ZH | 系统应用 |
| EN | System Application |
| Parent | Resource |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Software systems supporting processes, data, and decision-making. Includes ERP, CRM, data platforms, and any enterprise application.
ZH: 支撑流程、数据和决策的软件系统。包括 ERP、CRM、数据平台以及任何企业应用。
Governance Domain / 治理域¶
Governance (Abstract) / 治理¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Governance |
| ZH | 治理 |
| EN | Governance |
| Parent | — (root) |
| Abstract | Yes |
| Since | v2.0.0 |
EN: Abstract domain for constraints, governance, and risk management. Contains four concrete subclasses that form a governance cascade: Policy (why) → Rule (what) → Control (how), plus Risk.
ZH: 用于约束、治理和风险管控的抽象域。包含四个具体子类，形成治理级联：Policy（为什么）→ Rule（做什么）→ Control（怎么做），加上 Risk。
Policy / 政策¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Policy |
| ZH | 政策 |
| EN | Policy |
| Parent | Governance |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Management principles and constraint requirements. Policies express why certain governance exists — they are high-level directives, not executable rules.
ZH: 管理原则与约束要求。政策表达为什么需要某种治理 — 它们是高层指令，不是可执行的规则。
Rule / 规则¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Rule |
| ZH | 规则 |
| EN | Rule |
| Parent | Governance |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Executable and evaluable business or control rules. Rules express what must be done — they can be checked, tested, and automated. Disjoint with Policy (a Rule is not a Policy).
ZH: 可执行、可判断的业务或控制规则。规则表达做什么 — 它们可以被检查、测试和自动化。与 Policy 互斥（Rule 不是 Policy）。
Control / 控制¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Control |
| ZH | 控制 |
| EN | Control |
| Parent | Governance |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Control measures to reduce risk and ensure compliance and quality. Controls express how governance is implemented — they are concrete actions, procedures, or mechanisms.
ZH: 用于降低风险、保障合规和质量的控制措施。控制表达怎么做 — 它们是具体的行动、程序或机制。
Risk / 风险¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Risk |
| ZH | 风险 |
| EN | Risk |
| Parent | Governance |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Uncertain events or conditions that may affect goal achievement. Risks are mitigated by Controls (mitigated_by relation).
ZH: 可能影响目标实现的不确定事件或状态。风险由控制措施缓释（mitigated_by 关系）。
Operational Domain / 运营域¶
Operational (Abstract) / 运营¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Operational |
| ZH | 运营 |
| EN | Operational |
| Parent | — (root) |
| Abstract | Yes |
| Since | v2.0.0 |
EN: Abstract domain describing how an organization operates, including roles, capabilities, processes, and events.
ZH: 描述组织运作方式的抽象域，包含角色、能力、流程与事件。
Role / 角色¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Role |
| ZH | 角色 |
| EN | Role |
| Parent | Operational |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: An identity or responsibility assumed by a Party in a given context. A Party plays_role a Role. Roles are context-dependent — the same Person can play different Roles in different situations.
ZH: 主体在某一上下文中承担的身份或职责。Party 通过 plays_role 扮演 Role。角色是上下文相关的 — 同一 Person 在不同场景下可以扮演不同 Role。
Capability / 能力¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Capability |
| ZH | 能力 |
| EN | Capability |
| Parent | Operational |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: A stable and reusable business capability possessed by an organization. Capabilities describe what the organization can do (enduring), and are realized_by Processes that describe how it is done (executable).
ZH: 组织稳定具备且可被复用的业务能力。能力描述组织能做什么（持久性），通过 realized_by 连接到描述怎么做的流程（可执行性）。
Process / 流程¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Process |
| ZH | 流程 |
| EN | Process |
| Parent | Operational |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: An end-to-end sequence of activities defined to achieve business objectives. Sub-activities are expressed via the part_of relation (rather than a separate Activity class at L1). Processes consume and produce Resources.
ZH: 为实现业务目标而定义的端到端活动序列。子活动通过 part_of 关系表达（L1 不设独立的 Activity 类）。流程通过 consumes 和 produces 消费和产出资源。
Event / 事件¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Event |
| ZH | 事件 |
| EN | Event |
| Parent | Operational |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: A state change occurring in the business or technical environment. Events are instantaneous (point-in-time) and can trigger Processes via the triggered_by relation.
ZH: 发生在业务或技术环境中的状态变化。事件是瞬时的（时间点）并可通过 triggered_by 关系触发流程。
Measurement Domain / 度量域¶
Measurement (Abstract) / 度量¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Measurement |
| ZH | 度量 |
| EN | Measurement |
| Parent | — (root) |
| Abstract | Yes |
| Since | v2.0.0 |
EN: Abstract domain for goal-setting and performance measurement.
ZH: 描述目标设定与绩效衡量的抽象域。
Goal / 目标¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | Goal |
| ZH | 目标 |
| EN | Goal |
| Parent | Measurement |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Outcomes an organization aims to achieve. Goals are qualitative or directional ("increase revenue", "improve customer satisfaction"). They are tracked by KPIs.
ZH: 组织希望达成的结果。目标是定性或方向性的（"增加收入"、"提升客户满意度"）。通过 KPI 跟踪。
KPI / 关键指标¶
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| ID | KPI |
| ZH | 关键指标 |
| EN | Key Performance Indicator |
| Parent | Measurement |
| Abstract | No |
| Since | v1.0.0 |
EN: Metrics that measure the degree of goal achievement. KPIs are quantitative and measurable ("Customer Satisfaction Score ≥ 90%"). Operational elements are measured_by KPIs.
ZH: 衡量目标达成程度的指标。KPI 是定量且可衡量的（"客户满意度评分 ≥ 90%"）。运营元素通过 measured_by 被 KPI 衡量。
Deprecated Classes / 废弃类¶
These classes were removed or demoted from L1 in v2.0.0. They remain documented for migration purposes.
这些类在 v2.0.0 中从 L1 移除或降级。保留文档以供迁移参考。
| Former Class | Replacement | Migration Note |
|---|---|---|
BusinessObject |
Resource |
Was overly broad; Resource is a more precise abstract parent |
DocumentRecord |
Document |
Simplified naming; Document conveys the same semantics |
Activity |
— | Sub-activities now expressed via part_of on Process; moved to L2 Common as Activity subtype of Process |
Channel |
— | Demoted to L2 Common Extension; not universally applicable |
MarketSegment |
— | Demoted to L2 Common Extension; marketing-domain concept |
Location |
— | Demoted to L2 Common Extension; can be modeled as attribute |
Decision |
Event |
Can be modeled as an Event subtype in L2; semantically a state change |